Energy and Matter
PHYS 251
Density
Name:_______________________________Date:_______________Time:___________
Partner(s):____________________________ Course:__________________
________________________________________________________________________
A. Rectangular Solids
Purpose: To determine the densities of various rectangular solids by measuring their dimensions and mass.
Apparatus: Electronic balance, foot ruler, rectangular solid metals- Al, Cu, Brass, and Fe; plastic block, and wood block.
Theory: Density = Mass/Volume, Volume = Length x Width x Height.
Metal Blocks: Observe and feel the four metal blocks and make three statements about them.
1.___________________________________________________________________
2.___________________________________________________________________
3.___________________________________________________________________
Data Table I:
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Material |
Mass |
Length |
Width |
Height |
Volume |
Density |
Accepted |
% Error |
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Value |
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Aluminum |
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Copper |
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Brass |
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Iron |
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Plastic |
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Wood |
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Calculate volume, density, and the % Error. Accepted densities (in gm/cm^3):
Aluminum = 2.70 Copper =
8.90 Iron =
7.85 Brass = 8.40
Steel = 7.80
Gold =19.30
Lead =11.30 Nickel
= 8.75
Platinum =21.54
Silver =10.5
Zinc =
7.10 water = 1.00
B. Cylinders
Purpose: To determine the densities of various cylinders by measuring their dimensions and mass.
Apparatus: Metal cylinders: Cu, Fe, Steel, Brass, and Al; and wood cylinder,
electronic balance, and foot ruler.
Theory: Density =
Mass/Volume, Volume = PI x R^2 x h
Data Table II:
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Material |
Mass |
Diameter |
Radius |
Height |
Volume |
Density |
Accepted |
% Error |
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Value |
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Aluminum |
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Copper |
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Plastic |
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Wood |
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Calculate radius, volume, and density. Also enter the accepted densities, and calculate the % Error.
C. Density of Water
Purpose: Investigate the density of water.
Apparatus: Graduated cylinder, electronic balance, and water.
Theory: Density = Mass/Volume
Procedure:
1. Measure the mass of a graduated cylinder in grams (use the electronic
balance), and record it
on the data table.
2. Fill a small amount of water and measure the mass of graduated cylinder and water.
3. Determine the volume of water.
4. Repeat 1-3, by adding water, 3 more times.
DATA
Mass of the graduated cylinder = ______________
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Mass of cylinder + water |
Mass of water |
Volume of water |
Density |
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Calculate the mass of water and density of water. Average the four densities to give an average density of water.
Average Density of water from your data = _________________
D. Density of an irregular shaped object.
When a sample of material has no regular geometry its volume can be determined by displacement. To do this, fill a graduated cylinder about half full of water. Read its volume. Drop the object into the water and read the final volume. The difference in volume is the volume of the object.
Initial volume: ญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญญ________________________
Final volume: ________________________
Volume of the object: __________________
Mass of the object: ____________________
Density of the object: __________________