1. Connect the rubber stopper to the flask, tightly and place the flask inside the beaker and fill the beaker with  some ice & water mixture, and put the beaker on the hot plate. Do not turn on the hot plate now. 

2. Attach the flask to the clamp of the stand so that it will be in the ice-water mixture.

3. Connect the temperature sensor to analog channel A and place the probe in the ice-water mixture. 

4. Connect the pressure sensor to analog channel B, and to the connector-tube that connects to the flask.

5. Open "DataStudio", select "Open Activity", select "Library", select "Physics Labs", and select P17, Pressure versus Temperature. 

6. Click on the Pressure and Temperature Table display, and click "Start".

7. After stirring the ice-water mixture, click "Keep" to collect the first temperature and pressure data.

8. Turn on the hot-plate, and watch the temperature while stirring.

9. When the temperature reaches about 8-9 degrees, stir the water well, and click "Keep" to collect the data again. 

10. Continue collecting data, about every 10 degree temperature change, and until the water boils. It is important that you stir the water for a minute before you click keep. 

11. At the end, remove the flask and temperature sensor, fill the beaker with water, continue heating. We need some hot water for part II.

12. Use the graph display to determine whether or not the relationship between pressure and temperature is linear. 

13. Click 'Fit' and select 'Linear' from the menu.

14. Print a hard copy of the graph and the data table.

15. Use the fit to estimate the value of absolute zero.

 Questions:

1. Is the relationship between the pressure and temperature linear or not?

2. What is the value of the Absolute Zero, based on your data?

3. How does your value of Absolute Zero compare to the accepted value, -273⁰C?

Conclusion: 

B. Heat Transfer

Purpose: To investigate what properties affect the heat transfer from a hot object.

Apparatus: Temperature sensors (2), PC w/interface, two cans: one painted black, hot plate, beaker, gloves, and water.

What do you think?

Parts of robot spacecraft are painted black while other parts are left unpainted. Part of the reason is that unpainted sections of the spacecraft hull absorb energy more slowly than sections that are painted black. Do you think the reverse is possible, will an unpainted metal can emit energy faster or slower than a black colored metal can?

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Procedure:

1. Connect one temperature sensor to analog channel A and the other to analog channel B.

2. Place the A probe in the unpainted can and B probe in the painted can, and place the cans on a paper towel.

3. Open "Data Studio", select "Open Activity", select "Library", select "Physics Labs", and select P46, Heat Transfer.

4. Click "temperature versus time graph display".

5. Carefully pour equal amount of hot water into the two cans, and click "Start".

6. Data collection will stop automatically after 15 minutes.

7. Print a hard-copy the temperature versus time graph.

Questions:

1. Which can cooled down faster?

2. When the cans are cooling, which processes transfer heat?

3. When the cans are cooling, which process do you think is dominant? Why?

4. When a can is cooling, does it cool faster at the beginning or towards the end? Why?

Conclusion: