PHYS 105

Study Questions and Study suggestions for Test 1:

Test 1 will cover chapters (0)—Introduction form outside the book, Chapters 1, 2,3, &4 from the book, the movies part I and II (the questionnaires should help) as well as material in the www links and lecture notes. Most of the test will consist of multiple choice type questions with a bonus part that will have essay type questions and problems that will require some calculation. This guide is to help you review for the test. I am listing questions and suggestions from each chapter that I believe represent the essentials. This guide is not a replacement for you notes, the textbook, the PPTS or the movies. It is not all-inclusive. Properly used, it should help you review the material.

Ch. 0: Introduction

1. What is: Physics? Mechanics? Dynamics? Kinematics?
2. Measurement --Historical background
3. What are the three fundamental quantities of mechanics?
4. What are the SI and British units for the three fundamental quantities?
5. How did Eratosthenes estimate the circumference of the earth? Carl Sagan's Video
6. List some examples of derived quantities.
7. Is energy a derived or a fundamental quantity?
8. Be able state the three Newton’s three laws of motion.
9. More on Newton's Laws and more This site has detailed explanations and interesting simulations that illustrate Newton's' Laws and other physics concepts.
10. Using Newton’s first law:

a. Define force b. Define inertia and mass

b. What is the difference between mass an

c. Be able to explain how Newton’s 1^st law tell us we should wear our seat belts

d. The moon goes at uniform speed around the earth. Is this consistent with Newton’s 1st la

11. Define force using Newton’s 1^st law.
12. Define inertia and/or using the 1^st law of motion
13. Explain why you believe planets require force to orbit the sun.
14. If a 1000 kg car accelerates at 2.5 m/s/s/, what is the accelerating force?
15. If a 1000 kg is moving at 20 m/s, what is its kinetic energy?
16. If the 1000 kg goes up a hill that is 50 meters high, what is its increase in potential energy?
17. If a 1 kg mass is converted to energy use the famous formula E =mc ² to calculate the energy generated. What are some of the consequences of this formula?
18. List some examples that illustrate the Newton’s 3^rd law of motion.
19. Why do light objects fall at slower rate on earth and all objects fall at the same rate on the moon? See NASA video

Using the Preface of you book, answer the following

1. What is the difference between renewable and non-renewable energy resources?

2. List some uses of oil (petroleum) besides for transportation.

3. What % of US energy comes from fossil fuels?

4. What % of US electricity comes from nuclear? And form hydroelectric generators?

5. What % of US energy comes from renewable resources?

6. What % of its oil does the US currently import?

7. According to a recent UN reports on global warming, what will be the global consequences?

8. US has __ % of the world population and consumes ___ % of the world oil.

9. According to current estimates, world oil will last ___ years, natural gas____ years and coal ____ years

10. What do we do after fossil fuels are depleted? Do you believe the Olduvai Theory

Ch.1 Energy: Past, Present and Future

Visit the Energy Story Site and answer the following questions.

1. List a single source of energy (fuel) that is not traceable to the sun.

2. Where does our Earth get its energy from?

3. How does the sun generate its energy?

4. Explain briefly how plants produce food (our fuel) for us.

5. List a number of fossil fuels. How and approximately how long ago were these fuels formed?

6. Define : energy, work, kinetic energy, potential energy, and power

7. Based on the movie you saw in class, what did the following scientists discover or invent?

Galileo, Newton, Rumford, Joule, Watt Einstein

8. State at least six forms of energy.

9. Define:1 Newton1 , 1 Joule, 1 Watt,1 calorie,1 Calorie, 1 BTU, 1 foot-pound, 1 horse power, 1 QBTU, 1 tcf, 1 therm

10. State the conservation of energy principle and compare it with the 1^st law of thermodynamics.

11. Describe the transformation of energy that takes place in a battery, photosynthesis, food digestion, nuclear reactor, the hydrologic cycle, hydroelectric power, wind mill, you car , seam engine, water wheel, burning fossil fuels etc.

12. List some examples of renewable and nonrenewable energy resource.

13. Study Fig. 1-4 . From this figure, State the % of coal____%, natural gas ____%and oil____% used in the USA. What % is used for : Transpiration, ____%, industrial _____ %l, residential and commercial____%, and electrical Power____%,

14. What % of the total energy in Fig. 1.5 is used by ; Residential and commercial, by industry and for transportation

15. Each person in the US consumes energy equivalent of 61 barrels per year. If 1barrel = 42 gallons, at today’s gasoline prices, estimate how much this costs per year. Per per person and for 300 million people in the US>\.

16. Explain why USA and Canada use so much energy compared to other industrialized countries that have about the same or higher GDP.

17. Recommended end of chapter questions and problems (Q&Ps ) Qs from Ch, 1: 5, 6, 9, 10 (Based on Fig. 1-4), \. Ps 1, 2, 3

18. Recommended Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs):1, 4, 6, 7, 8, 13, 14, 16, 18, 19, 20,

19. Recommended True or False questions: 1, 2, 4, 7, 9, 12,

20. Recommended Fill in Blanks; 1, 2, 4, 5, 10

Ch.2: Mechanical Energy

1. State the 1^st, 2^nd and 3^rd law of Newton’s Law of motion.

2. Define clearly work, energy and power.

3. What is the difference between potential and kinetic energy?

4. State the law of conservation of energy?

       The pendlum is a system that converts potetial to kinetic energy. At any point inits path , the total energy =PE+KE . Thsi is the law of conservation of energy. See realted video

5. What is the SITe (metric) unit for mass, force, work, energy and power?

6. List he six types of simple machines .

7. Define mechanical advantage.

8. What is the main purpose of a machine?

9. Define mechanical efficiency?

10. Recommended end of chapter 1 questions: 2, 7, 9, 12, 13,

11. Recommended end of chapter 1 problems: 1, 4, 9.

Videos related problem #9 A. B.

12. Recommended end of chapter 1 multiple choice questions:1, 2, 3,6, 7,8, 9,10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18,21, 22. 23, 24,27

13. Recommended True or False Ch. 1 questions: 1, 6, 8, 12, 14, 15, 18 , 20

Ch. 3 Thermal Energy : Heat is work and Work is Heat

The importance of the four laws of thermodynamics By Peter Atkins

0th Law of thermodynamics

1st Law of Thermodynamics

Heat Engines and the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Juoule's equivalent of heat : Historical background

The race to reach absolute zero. Bose-Einstein Condensation

A class demo: Thermoelectric generator -an example of a heat engine.

1. State the second law of thermodynamics in terms of entropy and also using of the Carnot engine

2. Define entropy and state some of its consequences and implications. See related video. This is a clip from a movie you saw in calss.

3. Be able to convert degree Celsius to Kelvin and also degree Fahrenheit to Celsius and then to Kelvin.

4. Be able to calculate the Carnot efficiency of an ideal heat engine.

5. Give example of external combustion and internal combustion heat engines. How are they different?

6. How does a diesel engine differ from a gasoline engine?

7.How are fossil and nuclear fuels used in power plants?

8. How does a gas turbine differ from a steam turbine?

9. Be able to calculate the C.O.P refrigerators (Refrigerator Efficiency), freezers air conditioners and heat pumps.

Carnot Engines, Refrigerators and Heat Pumps

10. What is the benefit of a cogeneration? See page 104.

11. Recommended end of chapter 3 questions: 2, 3, 4, 7, 9, 13,

12.Recommended chapter 3 problems: 1,2,3,5, 6, 7, 9,10, 11, 16, 17,

13. Recommended Ch. 3Multiple Choice Questions: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 1012, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 22, 23, 25, 27, 28,32I

1. 19. Recommended Ch. 3 True or False questions: 4, 5, 8, 10, 12,

20. Recommended Ch. 3 Fill in Blanks; 1, 4, 7, 9, 10

Ch. 4 Electricity Ch 2 to 8 on the link are relevant

Time Line for Electromagnetism

Electricity Pioneers:  Ancient Greek ; Chrles Du Fay; Ben Fraklin; Oersted's Experiment; Farady and Maxwell

Electric Generators and Motors: Watch the movie and figure out the differenc between an electric generator and motor.

How do the following devices work, Fuel Cells, MHD generators,  Geothermal plants, Thermal powers plants.

What  is meant by cogeneration? Give a simple example of a cogeneration system.

Generatinng Electricity using coal, natural gas, oil, nuclear hydor etc.  - Duke Power

Be able to state Oh's law. Study examples 4-5& 4-7

Recommended :  Problems (II) , Matching (III), Multiple Choice (IV), True False (V) , Fill in Blanks (VI)

The test will be mostly of the multiple choice type. There wil a bnous portion which requares simple staqtements, fill in blanks, maybe matching and some problesm.

What is the difference between a battery and a capcitor?

Study Figure 4-6 . and complet the % of electricity generated by coal _________, Natural gas ______, Nuclear ______, Hydro,______ Oil _______, Renewables and Ohters_____. Waht is icludes in the others?

Recommended :  Problems (II) , Matching (III), Multiple Choice (IV), True False (V) , Fill in Blanks (VI)

The test will be mostly of the multiple choice type. There wil a bnous portion which requares simple staqtements, fill in blanks, maybe matching and some problesm.

I.     5, 6, 8, 10    II. 1, 2, 3, 7, 8,  III. 13  IV. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,  8, 10, 15, 16,  V. 1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 12,  VI, 1, 3, 7, 8, 10