Lead in Washington D.C.'s Water Supply

The February 29th, 2004 Sunday edition of the Washington Post carried as its lead story the discovery of high lead levels in Washington's drinking water.  The chemistry involved is directly related to topics just covered and that will be covered.  Answer the below questions using SciFinder and other resources.  Here is a link to the Washington Post URL concerning this issue:
  1. Write the reaction that occurs in order for lead from solid pipes to become soluble in water.  Classify the type of reaction this is.
  2. Orthophosphates are known as corrosion inhibitors have been identified as a solution to this problem.  Identify specifically what is meant by orthophosphates.  Write the chemical reaction that occurs during corrosion inhibition.
  3. It has been stated that when the water becomes more corrosive (i.e. the pH becomes more acidic), the corrosion inhibition reaction does not work as well.  Write the applicable set of equations that shows this and explain how lowering the pH will cause equilibria shifts.
  4. Explain why lime is used to adjust pH to make water less corrosive; support your answers with a set of applicable chemical equations.
  5. What is the federal drinking water limit for lead in units of mg lead per liter of water (remember that a liter of water has a mass of approximately 1 kg)?  What levels of lead have been found in Washington's water supply?
  6. What are the toxic effects of lead?  Find three scientific abstracts using SciFinder that discuss these and write a paragraph in your own words that summarizes the significance of each of these.
  7. What immediate measures are being taken to remove lead from the affected household's water supply?  Explain the basis for how they work chemically.